There are three categories of VKDB depending on the age of onset: early (0-24 hours), classic (1-7 days), and late (2 to 12 weeks and up to 6 months of age) (123, 125-127)
The rapid attainment of peak plasma levels with parenteral administration makes this formulation particularly suitable for acute correction of deficiency states or for protocols requiring high systemic exposure
Calves (up to 1 year): 1mL/50 kg Cattle (1-2 years): 1mL/75 kg Cattle (over 2 years): 1mL/100kg Cows: 3 4 weeks before calving, mating and drying off Calves: At day 1 and weaning Heifers: Every 3 months, especially 3 4 weeks before mating Additional: Every 2 months in wet conditions WITHHOLDING PERIODS No withholding period is required when used as directed
Track sleep duration and subjective quality to identify any changes
While those can certainly play a role, dehydration is an often-overlooked contributor
While pernicious anemia remains the most common cause of Vitamin B12 deficiency worldwide, 1,2 in India, the deficiency is more often attributed to inadequate dietary intake due to a lack of Vitamin B12 rich foods
