All authors read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript
Cytokines and chemokines including TNF-, IL-6, and IL-1 cross BBB and induce neuroinflammation directly, and also by activating inflammatory, glial, and neuronal cells in the brain (Banks et al., 2016)
The review gave the diagnosis of relevant female factors such as endometriosis and tubal defects as examples where relatively invasive procedures would need to be performed, which are not routinely reported on
Sarada KV, Rao NA, Venkitasubramanian TA: Isolation and characterisation of glutamate dehydrogenase from Mycobacterium smegmatis CDC 46
Type of vaccine: Some vaccines are not recommended during pregnancy, especially live vaccines Timing: Certain vaccines are more effective when given during specific trimesters Current health status: Existing medical conditions may influence vaccine recommendations Exposure risk: Your work environment or daily activities may increase your likelihood of infection Potential risks of not vaccinating: Some infections pose greater danger than the vaccine itself For example, a pregnant woman working in a high-exposure environment, such as healthcare, may benefit significantly from timely vaccination

reduces antibody production by decreasing T follicular helper cell (Tfh) to secrete IL-21 and downregulating CXC motif chemokine ligand 13 (CXCL13) expression ( 3 interacts with the gut microbiome, indirectly influencing adaptive immune function through modulation of microbial composition and metabolite production, adding another layer of complexity to its immunoregulatory repertoire ( 3 also contributes to the establishment of central tolerance in the thymus